By most accounts, The Enlightenment presented new ways of thinking about what and who we are. In the tradition of these things this new way of thinking eventually wandered into a period referred to as The Romantic Age.
You can mark the beginning of The Romantic Age with the French Revolution and you can think of The Romantic Age as achieving a conclusion, in and around 1837 when the leisured classes concluded that reason wasn't all bad as long as it remained self conscious when it looked itself in the mirror and actually did something about the sewers.
1837 was the year an 18 year old Queen Victoria was crowned, the same year that Michigan became a state, there were pro-slavery riots in Illinois, it was the year Dickens published his Oliver Twist, around the world a standing army had become increasingly important and there was redemption to be had by teaching supply and demand curves to heathen savages in faraway places so they could better understand the fundamentals of Calvin's Economic theories.
The Roman Empire and the Roman Republic regularly struggled with the phenomena of people moving away from using coin of a realm as the means of exchange. Gold by weight, silver by weight, something that kept its value was fine, but something the value of which was entirely reliant on trust wasn't big on the list. The Roman Denarius was an almost pure silver coin about the size of a US cent. The Greek equivalent was the Drachma and back in the days of Pythagoras, long before it became the Euro it was a bit smaller than a US cent. But the point is even when the coin had an intrinsic value, as in silver or gold, you can't make an omelet out of silver or gold.
Calvin's own position was culled from the biblical texts. 'Earthly Riches' he'd concluded were nothing but smoke, the real do-do was living a life devoted to the goodness of god as explored in the scriptures. Nor did he approve of an element running through some of the texts that suggested usury was a cardinal sin, a combination of greed, gluttony, wrath and sloth. Not at all! If you lend money to someone, he claimed, and that someone made billions of doubloons on the basis of borrowing money from you it was only right that he send some of that profit your way. In short Calvin remains the Patron Saint of Modern Banking.
In our current time as truth becomes a brand our species has achieved what may be the beginning of a new age. Future historians, if there are any, might look to the past see a Sumerian invoices on a clay tablet, find someone like Liu Hui who calculated a value for pi in the 3rd Century AD or Shiing-Shen Chern with a wonderful name, possibly Turin or the triumvirate of Hinton, LeCun and Bengio which sound like the stops on a subway train.
On the day mathematics died as our new age progresses our species will slowly begin to relearn lessons of the enlightenment one of which was the sad consequence of concentrating knowledge into fewer and fewer hands.


