The Fourth Horseman mentioned in the book of Revelations, the pale, or sometimes greenish yellow one, depending on translation, was traditionally represented by a chap called Odoacar, the First Barbarian King of Rome, who ruled from 476 to 493. For Edward Gibbon Odoacar's reign serves to mark the end of the Western Roman Empire.
Gibbon reckoned the dominating obsession the Jewish Sect that became Christianity had with the immanent end of the world, and the return of their savior, gave them an unhealthy and wholly irrational fanaticism which while it might have served the sect during times of persecution, it did produce in Christians an intense disregard for non-Christians which over time included Jews. As Christianity, came to dominate the Roman elites this intolerance toward pagans fractured the social cohesion of the Roman Empire.
I think our dilemma is to grasp the extent to which the Roman Empire was a cohesive collective. The answer is that as Rome expanded it practiced pluralism under the yoke of a non-democratic imperial hierarchy. To move east to Ancient Greece, Alexander the Great of Macedonia, the conqueror of half the world when he was a boy was tutored by Aristotle. As Alexander's empire grew, Aristotle wanted his student to put Greeks in charge of provinces. Alexander knew better, the massive empire he'd taken from the Persians would be organized in the same tried and trusted way the Persian's had managed it. The locals would run it.



